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Proton Irradiation of Primitive Atmospheres of Young Exoplanets and Early Earth: N₂O Greenhouse Warming and Prebiotic Synthesis

Authors: Kensei Kobayashi, Vladimir S. Airapetian, Takumi Udo, Shunsuke Mouri, Yoko Kebukawa, Hitoshi Fukuda, Yoshiyuki Oguri, Naoto Hagura, M. J. Way, Guillaume Gronoff, Eric T. Wolf

Kensei Kobayashi et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1002 .

Caption: Figure 1.

Panel (A): total ion chromatograms of Samples B1 and B2 after proton irradiation. Panel (B): mass spectrum of Sample B2 at t_R = 4.025 minutes.