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Acceleration of Heavy Ions at Nonrelativistic Collisionless Shocks

  • Authors: Damiano Caprioli, Luca Orusa, Miha Cernetic, Colby C. Haggerty, Bricker Ostler

Damiano Caprioli et al 2025 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 993 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

As a function of Mach number we show the individual injection efficiency εs (panel (a)), the total injection efficiency εs,tot (panel (b)), and the slope of the nonthermal tail for different species (panel (c)) at ﹩t=500\,{\omega }_{c}^{-1}﹩ (the superscript sat refers to the measurement done at this specific time, when the efficiencies have saturated).

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