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Acceleration of Heavy Ions at Nonrelativistic Collisionless Shocks

Authors: Damiano Caprioli, Luca Orusa, Miha Cernetic, Colby C. Haggerty, Bricker Ostler

Damiano Caprioli et al 2025 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 993 .

Caption: Figure 2.

Enhancement K_sp of He and CNO with respect to H as a function of M. For stronger shocks, heavy ions are preferentially injected into DSA.