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Acceleration of Heavy Ions at Nonrelativistic Collisionless Shocks

Authors: Damiano Caprioli, Luca Orusa, Miha Cernetic, Colby C. Haggerty, Bricker Ostler

Damiano Caprioli et al 2025 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 993 .

Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 1.

(a) Downstream energy spectra from M = 40 shock simulations with and without heavy ions at time ﹩t=500\,{\omega }_{c}^{-1}﹩. (b) and (c) Injection efficiency ε_s and total injection efficiency ε_s,_tot as a function of time.

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