Image Details
Caption: Figure 6.
Surface density perturbation δΣ/〈Σ〉, measured at the end of the infall phase (t = 8 kyr) for ﹩{\dot{M}}_{{\rm{in}}}=1{0}^{-8}﹩ (left), 10−7 (middle), and 10−6 M⊙ yr−1 (right). Dashed curves at large radii trace the primary spiral arm, while dotted–dashed lines at smaller radii indicate the locations of the secondary spiral arm.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.