Image Details
Caption: Figure 20.
Eccentricity measured in each semimajor axis bin for the ﹩{\dot{M}}_{{\rm{in}}}=1{0}^{-7}\,{M}_{\odot }\,{{\rm{yr}}}^{-1}﹩ model at t = 8 kyr, shown for different streamer injection angles: ﹩\cos {\theta }_{0}\in [0.3,0.4]﹩ (dashed), [0.5, 0.6] (solid), and [0.7, 0.8] (dotted–dashed). As the streamer approaches the disk midplane (smaller ﹩\cos {\theta }_{0}﹩), its influence extends to larger radii, resulting in stronger eccentricity excitation in the outer disk.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.