Image Details
Caption: Figure 1.
Reconstructed 1σ and 2σ Gaussian contours for w0 and wa from different datasets: Union3 (D. Rubin et al. 2025a) SNe Ia only (blue), DESI DR2 BAO+Planck CMB without SNe (green, M. Abdul Karim et al. 2025), and all three combined (orange). When combining all three datasets, ΛCDM (w0 = −1 and wa = 0, top left black point) is 3.8σ from the best-fit values. The combined error ellipse of large-scale structure probes is highly degenerate and points toward ΛCDM. SNe break this degeneracy and thus are an important probe for establishing a departure from ΛCDM.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.