The marginalized best-fit ﹩{{ \mathcal M }}_{{\rm{obs}}}﹩ from the ﹩{{ \mathcal M }}_{228}﹩ model (m* = 4.5, red lines) is compared to the marginalized ﹩{{ \mathcal D }}_{{\rm{kep}}}﹩ (blue histograms and blue lines). The two columns of plots show the differential (left) and cumulative distribution functions (right). From top to bottom, the rows of plots show: the (1) gap complexity ﹩{ \mathcal C }﹩ for all Kepler systems (G. J. Gilbert & D. C. Fabrycky 2020; M. Y. He et al. 2020), (2) ﹩{ \mathcal C }﹩ for systems with m_obs = 3, and (3) ﹩{ \mathcal C }﹩ for systems with m_obs ≥ 4. The green lines in rows (2) and (3) are plotted for reference: the ﹩{ \mathcal C }﹩ distribution for m_obs ≥ 4 in (2) and m_obs = 3 in (3).