Comparison of tomographic CME reconstructions with and without physics-based constraints. (a) Ecliptic slices of electron density over a 12.5 hr interval for the ground truth, the reconstruction with physics-informed losses, and the reconstruction without additional constraints. Both reconstructions are based on observations from two viewpoints, indicated by blue arrows. (b) Temporal evolution of key CME parameters, including the radial position of the shock front and center of mass, the latitude and longitude of the center of mass, the total CME mass, and the relative distance between the reconstructed and ground-truth center of mass. Including physics-based constraints results in a more physically coherent evolution, reducing abrupt changes in position and total mass.