Image Details
Caption: Figure 6.
Injection timing for (a) hard X-ray burst as seen from STIX on Solar Orbiter, (b) type III radio emission measured by FIELDS on PSP, (c) energetic electrons detected by EPI-Lo on PSP, (d) suprathermal plasma electrons detected by SWEAP on PSP, and (e) 4He ions detected by EPI-Lo on PSP. Propagating the onset times for each detection back to the Sun (using the radial location of each sensor as an estimate of the distance traveled), we derive the set of colored lines at 22:48:00 UT for the hard X-ray onset, 22:49:30 for the type III, 22:51:00 for the energetic electrons, 22:51:30 for 4 keV plasma electrons, and 22:52:30 for 400 keV 4He ions. The box in the upper right expands the timeline to show the loci of the mapped-back onset times for panels (a)–(e). Horizontal colored bars indicate the estimated uncertainties associated with each mapped-back time. In the X-ray case, this bar shows the width from the rise of the X-ray enhancement. Collectively, these measurements are consistent with a common source in time.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.