Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
EPI-Lo species spectra, time-integrated over the event. (a) Spectra expressed in energy per charge (keV q–1), using assumed charge states of 1 for H, 2 for He, 6 for O, and 14 for Fe. While different charge-state assumptions for O and Fe are possible, reasonable variations do not significantly affect the relative appearance. (b) Spectra expressed in energy per nucleon (keV amu–1), which is the conventional representation used in most SEP analyses; we show it here for comparison.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.