Flare energy and temporal flare parameters relations. The K-dwarf subsample from J. P. Pye et al. (2015) and Z. H. Zhao et al. (2024) is denoted by orange star markers to clearly distinguish these targets from the broader stellar sample. (a) Flare energy vs. flare peak luminosity. (b) Flare energy vs. flare duration. (c) Flare energy vs. flare rise time. (d) Flare energy vs. flare decay time.