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Probing Red Giant Interiors with Gravity-dominated Mixed Modes. I. The Cases of KIC 9145955, KIC 9970396, KIC 9882316, and KIC 11968334

  • Authors: Xinyi Zhang, 昕旖 张, Tanda Li, 坦达 李, Jianxing Chen, 剑星 陈, Xinghao Chen, 兴浩 陈, Gang Li, 刚 李, Chunqian Li, 春乾 李, Shaolan Bi, 少兰 毕

Xinyi Zhang et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal 1002 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure A4.

Internal structure of KIC 11968334. The vertical red dashed lines in panels (a)–(d) denote the helium core boundary where the hydrogen mass fraction is about 0.01. The vertical orange dashed lines in panels (a)–(d) denote the base of the convection zone, which is marked as qbcz. In panel (a), two horizontal dashed lines represent the range of observed frequencies. The purple dot indicates the Brunt–V﹩\ddot{{\rm{a}}}﹩is﹩\ddot{{\rm{a}}}﹩l﹩\ddot{{\rm{a}}}﹩ frequency N, and the blue dashed–dotted and light-blue dashed line indicate the characteristic acoustic frequencies S1 and S2, respectively. In panel (b), the continuous line and dotted line indicate the adiabatic and radiative temperature gradients. In panel (c), circles and the dotted line indicate the distribution of the hydrogen abundance and inner density. In panel (d), blue crosses represent the reaction rate of the carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (CNO) cycle.

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