Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
A 2D column-normalized histogram of the normalized, parallel electron heat flux, ﹩\frac{| {q}_{e,\parallel }| }{{q}_{eo}}﹩ [N/A], vs. the electron–electron Knudsen number, Kn,ee [N/A]. A straight line with a slope of 1 is shown for convenience, similar to the results of S. D. Bale et al. (2013; additionally, see Appendix A for symbol definitions).
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.