Image Details
Caption: Figure 3.
A 2D column-normalized histogram of the normalized, parallel electron heat flux, ﹩\frac{| {q}_{e,\parallel }| }{{q}_{eo}}﹩ [N/A], vs. the parallel electron plasma beta, βe,∥ [N/A] (see Appendix A for symbol definitions). Two whistler heat flux instability thresholds are shown from I. Y. Vasko et al. (2019).
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.