Example of planetary properties inference with one-dimensional data. The properties of the planet in the simulated observation (blue with shading) can be inferred by comparing to various forward models. The red dashed line is a phase-curve model with input parameters θ₁. As an intermediate step, we show the phase-curve reconstruction (﹩-\tilde{f}﹩), which traces stellar activity; this is the dotted line. Note that we multiplied by a factor of −1 so that it may be added to the dashed line by eye. The sum of the dashed and dotted lines is the planet model’s residual signal (δ(θ₁), solid red line). Residual signals for two additional models (θ₂,  θ₃) are also shown. Each residual is compared to the data using the ﹩{\chi }_{{\rm{red}}}^{2}﹩ metric, and as a result we may infer that the data support a planet with properties similar to θ₁✎.