Comparison of the MAE for T_eff, ﹩\mathrm{log}g﹩, and [Fe/H] under different data inputs across various SNR intervals. Red dots represent results using all data (LAMOST spectra combined with SDSS and WISE photometric data); blue triangles correspond to results using only LAMOST spectra; green squares denote LAMOST spectra with SDSS photometric data; and orange diamonds indicate LAMOST spectra with WISE photometric data.