Image Details
Caption: Figure 5.
Toy model of Σ5(z). The orange ellipses are galaxies fit to the deflector environment at zdefl. Including the central deflector, the distance to the fifth-closest fitted deflector environment member (labeled “5”) to the center of the field is D5, Mpc (dashed red line). Σ5(z) is the surface density enclosed by the circle with radius D5, Mpc (red, dashed circle).
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.