Image Details
Caption: Figure 13.
Stellar contamination retrieval models for all of our TRAPPIST-1 b and e observations, with the stellar contamination parameter posteriors on the right. For observation 1, the two transits show clearly different stellar contamination signatures, which is also reflected in the posteriors, with TRAPPIST-1 b dominated by a hot component postflare and TRAPPIST-1 e dominated by a cold component preflare. The other visits show common retrieved stellar contamination parameters, but overall the models provide poor fits to the observed spectra.
© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.