Image Details
Caption: Figure 4.
The result of the Monte Carlo experiment described in Section 4.2. While the sample of seven hot Jupiters with nearby companions contains an average of 3.83 dynamically young systems, a sample of seven randomly drawn hot Jupiters on circular orbits typically contains none. The resulting p-value is 0.001, corresponding to 3.1σ.
© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.