Image Details
Caption: Figure 9.
Self-consistent mini-Neptune models of K2-18 b’s atmosphere. Upper panel: 100× solar metallicity case. Lower panel: the same metallicity, but with 5000 × nitrogen depletion. The temperature (black lines) and composition profiles (colored lines) from VULCAN-HELIOS (solid lines) and Photochem-PICASO (dashed lines) with the 1σ CH4 range (orange bar) and 95% upper limits for other molecules (arrows).
© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.