Family portrait of the five planets in the L 98-59 system showing their transit (or absence of transit) observed by TESS in the top panels and their Doppler signature from HARPS (red circles) and ESPRESSO (white/black circles for pre/post data) in the bottom panels. Only the error bars for ESPRESSO are shown to improve visibility. Black curves represent best-fit models from the transit analysis (top) and joint RV–TTV fit (bottom, using fixed orbital inclinations; see Section 4.5). For L 98-59 e and f, 1000 predicted transit curves are shown in red using posterior samples from the RV–TTV fit and radii estimated from their minimum masses using spright (H. Parviainen et al. 2024). Planets e and f do not transit L 98-59.