Radio flux densities for AGNs observed in CEERS, JADES and UNCOVER for α = 0.7 with detection limits for ngVLA (left column) and SKA (right column). The dotted, dashed and dotted–dashed red and brown lines are H II region and SN flux densities for SFRs of 1, 3 and 10 M _⊙ yr⁻¹, respectively. The black solid, dashed and dotted horizontal bars show ngVLA limits for integration times of 1, 10 and 100 hr, respectively.