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A Pileup of Coronal Mass Ejections Produced the Largest Geomagnetic Storm in Two Decades

  • Authors: Ying D. Liu, Huidong Hu, Xiaowei Zhao, Chong Chen, Rui Wang

Ying D. Liu et al 2024 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 974 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 1.

Positions of the spacecraft in the ecliptic plane at 12:00 UT on 2024 May 10. The dashed lines indicate the longitudes of the Earth (upstream of which Wind and SOHO are located), STEREO A, and SolO. The gray dashed curves are the orbits of the Earth and PSP. The dotted lines show Parker spiral magnetic fields created with a solar wind speed of 450 km s−1. The arrows mark the propagation directions of the full halo CMEs from May 8 to 13 obtained through CME reconstruction, with the lengths of the arrows indicating CME velocities near the Sun. Red (blue) arrows represent CMEs that likely contributed to the first (second) complex ejecta at the Earth. The numbers label the CMEs as in Table 1.

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