Broadband fit to the γ-ray emission from the sources HESS J1801–233 (W28-North) and HESS J1800–240 A, B, and C (top to bottom). The left and right panels are the fitting results of the damping and non-damping model, which are based on our own Fermi-LAT data points (red stars) and the H.E.S.S. data (blue circles). The observational data are marked in the same way as those in Figure 6. In each panel, the hadronic γ-ray produced via the run-away CRs from the shock, the released CRs from W28-North, the sea of Galactic CRs, and the total CRs are shown as dashed, dash–dotted, dotted, and solid lines, respectively. The density of the CR sea at 240 A (W28-North, 240 B and C) is modified to 14% (50%) of the one detected on Earth.