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Blindly Detecting Orbital Modulations of Jets from Merging Supermassive Black Holes

  • Authors: R. O'Shaughnessy, D. L. Kaplan, A. Sesana, and A. Kamble

O'Shaughnessy et al. 2011 The Astrophysical Journal 743 136.

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

Sources with orbit period modulation I: total number: at any instant of time, the number of decoupled SMBH binaries vs. average jet flux, limiting to orbit periods within P min = 1 minute and P max = 1 year (blue and dotted blue) or 1 month (green and dotted green) over the entire sky, with flux above F/ epsilon for epsilon = epsilon radio epsilon Edd the composite efficiency of the jet, using the SE (small seed, efficient accretion; dashed lines) and LE (large seed, efficient accretion; solid lines) model of Sesana et al. (2011a). For example, for an efficiency epsilon = 10 −3 and target flux sensitivity 1 mJy, one to several hundred binaries are bright enough to see and have periods less than 1 year; of order one has a period less than 1 month. In the limit of infinite sensitivity, all rates must be less than the all-sky rate ( sime 30 yr −1) times the longest time allowed (1 Myr, corresponding to the time since separation from a circumbinary disk). In the limit of poor sensitivity, the number vs. flux scales as F −3/2, as usual for the nearby universe. For comparison, the solid black line is 10 4( F/ epsilon Jy) −3/2. The top axis shows ticks at z max, the redshift at which L edd/4π d 2 L = F/ epsilon for M = 10 7 M ; as we assume epsilon < 1, no source can be detected at higher redshift.

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