Top: posteriors of the mass of WASP-47 e from analyses of the RVs only (blue), the TTVs only (green, using the N-body integrator TTVFast), and their product (i.e., IMP, red). The gray line shows a Gaussian fit to the IMP, with the mean (solid black line) and 1σ interval (dashed black lines) shown. Middle: same as the top, but for WASP−47 b. Bottom: same as the top, but for WASP-47 d. Note that the result of computing the IMP for planet d is in good agreement with the simultaneous RV+TTV analysis (﹩13.6\pm 2.0\,{M}_{\oplus }﹩).