The best simultaneous fit to the TTVs and RVs of the WASP-47 system, and residuals. From top to bottom, the panels show the TTVs of the transiting planets e (P = 0.79 days, blue), b (P = 4.16 days, green), and d (P = 9.0 days, brown). The best simultaneous fit to the TTVs+RVs of all four planets is shown as black connected points.