Solid‐angle distribution of all electrons in the looptop region, showing the almost isotropic mirroring component at pitch angles of ~90° and the beam distributions leaving the looptop in opposite directions. The particle number is the time‐integrated number of test particles recorded in the simulation, divided by sin θ, where θ is the pitch angle. Note that this figure includes all electrons, from 15 keV upward, unlike the distributions in Fig. 2 , which show only the higher energy parts of the total distribution.