Schematic illustration of the shadow geometry at the nominal LDA deployment site, located approximately 150 m from the HLS, with the protective assembly positioned between the HLS and the LDA. The shaded region indicates the shadow cast toward the LDA as it sweeps across the surface over time (0–10 hr after shadow onset). The LDA remains within this shadow for more than 5 hr, providing the temperature transition required for subsurface ice detection through the temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity.