(a) Image showing that the plume had extended to the roof of the chamber, leaving dust deposited over the full right side of the shroud. An animation of this is available. This real-time animation after plume activity begins shows material being ejected from the corner of the heater in the form of a plume from below the surface in a diffuse manner. The plume extends to the roof of the chamber. The duration of the animation is 14 minutes and 20 s. (b) Chunks of consolidated regolith after the chamber was backfilled, showing that CO₂ likely diffused at least 5 mm down into the substrate (with minimal concentration of water ice included).

(An animation of this figure is available in the online article.)

(An animation of this figure is available.)

The video/animation of this figure is available in the online journal.