Radio luminosity at 3 GHz (L_3GHz) vs. redshift for the Clean VLASS-HSC with reliable photo-z catalog. The central panel shows the distribution in the z_best–﹩\mathrm{log}({L}_{{\rm{3}}\,{\rm{GHz}}}/{\rm{W}}\,{{\rm{Hz}}}^{-1})﹩ plane, where z_best is derived from z_best and L_3GHz is derived from L_3GHz_fit_best. The density is displayed as a hexbin map (color indicates counts per bin). The top and right panels show the marginal distributions of z_best and ﹩\mathrm{log}{L}_{{\rm{3}}\,{\rm{GHz}}}﹩ for three subsamples: Clean VLASS-HSC with reliable photo-z (blue), Clean VLASS-HSC-FIRST with reliable photo-z (orange), and Clean VLASS-HSC-LoTSS with reliable photo-z (green). The red dashed curve indicates the VLASS 5σ flux-density limit (0.60 mJy at 3 GHz) converted to a luminosity limit as a function of redshift assuming a spectral index α = 0.7 (S_ν ∝ ν^−α). The black dotted line marks the commonly adopted radio-loud/AGN threshold, L_3GHz = 10²⁴ W Hz⁻¹.