Reference intensity-response profiles, frequency-dependent broadening, and simulated time series for GW–EM conversion in pulsar magnetospheres. Top-left: Normalized intensity-response profiles for the two pulsars at selected frequencies, shown for the short-transient case at a fixed rotational phase and produced with the filtering pipeline’s bandpass, sampling, and normalization; these are intensity/flux-density response kernels, not phase-resolved GW-strain templates. Top-right: Frequency-dependent temporal broadening adopted to model propagation and instrumental effects such as interstellar scintillation and scattering, shown for FAST and SKA2-MID. Middle and bottom: Simulated intensity time series for PSR J1856-3754 observed with FAST (middle) and SKA2-MID (bottom). The left column displays transient injections as short, band-limited excesses; the right column shows persistent or stochastic-background cases in which long integrations reveal the rotation-modulated intensity envelope from the phase-dependent magnetospheric response.