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No Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole Binary in GSN 069

  • Authors: Yuhe Zeng, Zhen Pan, Bin Liu, Cong Zhou

Yuhe Zeng et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1011 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure C1.

O − C analysis of GSN 069 under two global cycle assignments. Left: reference assignment with NFinalEpochStart = 426. From top to bottom, the panels show the O − C values relative to the fixed linear ephemeris, the baseline-subtracted modulation ﹩{\rm{\Delta }}{t}_{{\rm{O}}-{\rm{C}}}^{{\rm{lin}}}-{B}_{{\rm{quad}}}﹩, and the residuals after further subtracting the parity-dependent sinusoidal component, ﹩{\rm{\Delta }}{t}_{{\rm{O}}-{\rm{C}}}^{{\rm{lin}}}-{B}_{{\rm{quad}}}-{S}_{s}﹩. The middle panel shows the best-fit odd and even modulations together with their 90% credible bands, which reveals two antiphase branches. Right: same as the left, but for the shifted assignment NFinalEpochStart = 422, which produces an apparent in-phase modulation between the odd and even branches.

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