Comparison of the neutrino and cascaded electromagnetic spectra obtained with and without Bethe–Heitler pair production. Solid, dashed, and dotted lines correspond to the electromagnetic, neutrino, and proton spectra, respectively. The results shown are for R = 3R_S, s_CR = 2, and ξ_B = 0.01 in the minimal scenario (ε_p^min=10TeV). Left: hadronuclear and photohadronic (pp + pγ) interactions with τ_T = 0.4. Right: photohadronic (pγ) interactions only .