Left: evolution of the close-encounter rate at r ≤ r_lc = 200 au per disk star (γ_d), normalized to that for a relaxed population (γ₀). The blue (orange) histogram shows the rate for an initially aligned (nonaligned) eccentric disk of e_d = 0.7. Right: close-encounter rate per disk star averaged over 500 Myr (﹩\overline{{\gamma }_{{\rm{d}}}}﹩) for different e_d and r_lc, also normalized to γ₀. For e_d = 0.7, the rate for an initially nonaligned disk is shown as the orange line and that when the stellar orbital evolution is driven solely by two-body relaxation (collisional only) is shown as the dotted blue line.