Time-domain waveform for GW231123 (top) and decomposition of the best-fit model into a main image, secondary image, and diffraction feature (bottom). Lensed models refer to the best-fit source parameters and posterior mode where the time delay Δt ∼ 44ms between the main and secondary micro-images. This figure is an illustrative visualization of the best-fit waveform decomposition and is not used as a detection statistic. The embedded PL best fit agrees more closely with the model-independent reconstruction across detectors (L1 shown).