Distributions of wave properties and energy conversion in timescale space. (a) Spectra of normalized magnetic helicity σ_m: σ_m is concentrated near +1 at timescales of 0.2–1 s and approaches −1 at scales of  1–2 s. (b) Angles between the reconstructed wavevector and background magnetic field: the angle is close to 0° or 180° at 0.2–1 s (quasi-parallel propagation) and approaches 90° at 1–2 s (quasi-perpendicular propagation). (c) Energy conversion rate spectra: the rate is predominantly negative at 0.2–1 s (net energy transfer from particles to electromagnetic fields) and positive at 1–2 s (net energy transfer from fields to particles). (d) Effective local electromagnetic energy change rate spectra: positive γ values at 0.2–1 s indicate an effective local increase of electromagnetic energy of ICWs, while negative values at 1–2 s indicate an effective local decrease of electromagnetic energy of KAWs; this quantity is not interpreted as a linear kinetic damping/growth rate.