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Interaction-powered Type Ibn Supernovae as a Transient PeVatron Candidate: The Case of SN 2023uqf

  • Authors: Ryo Sawada, Yusuke Inoue, Yosuke Ashida

Ryo Sawada et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1005 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

Unified temporal picture of SN 2023uqf and IC-231004A. The colored curves and points show the optical light curves of SN 2023uqf (left axis; absolute AB magnitude), where the points are the ZTF measurements reported by R. Stein et al. (2025) and the curves are our STELLA-based optical model (Section 2). The blue curve shows the modeled neutrino luminosity evolution from the shock–CSM interaction phase (right axis; summed over flavors; Section 3). The vertical dotted line marks the detection time of IC-231004A. The explosion epoch inferred from the optical light-curve fit corresponds to Δt ≈ −10 days on this axis (Section 2.1), and the neutrino luminosity curve is shifted accordingly. In the low-count regime, the time dependence of the expected IceCube event rate provides a weighting for when a rare detection is most likely; IC-231004A occurs within the high-weight time window implied by the model.

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