Spatial distribution of bow-shock crossings projected onto the GSE x–y-plane, color-coded by the median values of the corresponding shock parameters: magnetic compression ratio r_B (a), fast magnetosonic Mach number M_f (b), the angle between the upstream magnetic field and shock’s normal θ_Bn (c), and shock ramp thickness D_ramp (d). The color scale for each parameter is indicated by the color bar in each panel. The solid black circle marks the position of Earth, and the solid black curve represents the predicted location of the Earth’s bow shock (M. Jerab et al. 2005).