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Direct Evidence for Stellar Initial Mass Function Variation in the Milky Way

  • Authors: Charles L. Steinhardt, Carter Meyerhoff, Alexander J. Luening

Charles L. Steinhardt et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal Letters 1005 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 5.

(Left) The break mass observed in Gaia clusters (points, with running median and interquartile range in red, dashed for few clusters in window) increases with cluster age. (Right) As expected, selection biases artificially steepened the slope and added scatter. After correcting for the bias, the slope decreases but the correlation strengthens, revealing the true underlying break mass–age relation. The trend is consistent with the sound speed evolution of a typical galaxy (C. L. Steinhardt et al. 2023c), which will produce an increasing break mass for older clusters. A Kroupa IMF (dashed), defined to have a break mass of 0.5M, is shown for comparison.

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