Reconstructed optical depth τ as a function of γ-ray energy in four redshift bins: top left (0.01 <z <  0.03), top right (0.03 <z <  0.102), bottom left (0.102 <z <  0.4), and bottom right (0.4 < z <  0.95). Blue data points show the results of this work, with vertical error bars indicating 1σ statistical uncertainties and horizontal bars representing the energy binning. Predictions from EBL models are overplotted for comparison: Y. Inoue et al. (2013), A. Franceschini & G. Rodighiero (2017), A. Saldana-Lopez et al. (2021), and J. D. Finke et al. (2022).