Gravitational mass as a function of the radius for the DD–PC EOSs, denoted by the extended shaded region. The inner shaded region corresponds to the limits from the CNSP-4 set of nuclei. The shaded contours represent multiple observations, including HESS J1731-347 (V. Doroshenko et al. 2022), PSR J1231-1411 (T. Salmi et al. 2024), PSR J0030+0451 (T. E. Riley et al. 2019; G. Raaijmakers et al. 2019), PSR J0437-4715 (D. Choudhury et al. 2024), the GW170817 event (B. P. Abbott et al. 2019), and PSR J0740+6620 (E. Fonseca et al. 2021; A. J. Dittmann et al. 2024), as well as maximum neutron star masses inferred from pulsar observations (J. Antoniadis et al. 2013; Z. Arzoumanian et al. 2018; R. W. Romani et al. 2022).