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Knudsen Number as a Nonthermal Parameter: Possible Origin of Skewness in Space Plasma Distributions

  • Authors: Iván Gallo-Méndez, Adolfo F. Viñas, Pablo S. Moya

Iván Gallo-Méndez et al 2026 The Astrophysical Journal 1003 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 1.

Comparative plot of different types of distribution functions. In the top and bottom panels, the dashed black curves represent a Maxwellian distribution that decays much faster than the other functions. The solid black lines correspond to a Kappa distribution with κ = 4. In contrast, the blue and red curves represent skew–Kappa distributions, both with κ = 4 and a skewness parameter δ = 0.05 and δ = 0.1, respectively. In panel (a) are plotted Kappa and skew–Kappa distributions with α = 0. In panel (b), they are plotted for α = 3/2.

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