Comparative orbital evolution and recurrence structure of asteroids 2007 VP243 and 2005 WE55 over a 0.2 Myr interval. (a) Semimajor axis and eccentricity evolution of the dynamically unstable asteroid 2007 VP243, showing large semimajor axis excursions and irregular eccentricity growth indicative of chaotic diffusion. (b) RP of 2007 VP243, exhibiting fragmented, nonperiodic structures characteristic of chaotic, escape-prone dynamics. (c) Semimajor axis and eccentricity evolution of the long-lived asteroid 2005 WE55, which displays regular oscillations and minimal secular drift. (d) RP of 2005 WE55, showing ordered, grid-like patterns consistent with quasiperiodic motion. This figure demonstrates how a recurrence analysis distinguishes chaotic evolutionary pathways from stable, long-lived asteroid orbits. Here, “normalized a and e” denotes the semimajor axis a and eccentricity e time series scaled independently to the interval [0, 1] using min–max normalization.