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Caption: Figure 1.
Examples of the classification classes in our ML Dataset. This figure illustrates five example images from each of the 11 different training classes in our dataset. The examples demonstrate the distinct features within each class. Classes include “Single” (Single-plane simulations), “Double” (DSPL simulations), “Ring” (ring galaxies), Sloan Digital Sky Survey “SDSS Spirals” and “DES Spirals” (spiral galaxies found in the respective survey), “Smooth” (diffuse, extended galaxies), “Companions” (central galaxies with adjacent companions), “Artifacts” (imaging anomalies), “Crowded” (densely populated regions), “Red Spheroids” (predominantly elliptical galaxies), and “Diffuse” (interstellar clouds of gas and dust). Each cutout measures ∼12″ × 12″.
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© 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
