Radial displacement vs. total stellar age for thin-disk (top), thick-disk (middle), and halo (bottom) WDs. The left and right columns show ∣R_g − R_b∣ and ∣R_gc − R_b∣, respectively. The populations are separated at S_LSR = 80 and 180 km s⁻¹. Blue symbols show the median displacement in 0.5 Gyr age bins; error bars show the standard deviation within each bin. Red horizontal lines mark the mean displacement for each disk subsample. The solid and dashed black curves are the reference relations of N. Frankel et al. (2018, 2020), respectively.