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The Milky Way Bulge Extratidal Star Survey: NGC 6569

  • Authors: Joanne Hughes, Andrea Kunder, Kevin Covey, Kathryn Devine, Kristen A. Larson, Carlos Campos, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Joseph E. McEwen, Gabriel I. Perren, Christian I. Johnson, Craig Horton, Luke Smith, Sarah Torset, Cynthia Luna, Matthew Kolmanovsky, Fiona Kovisto, Leander Villarta, Vy Vuong, Iulia T. Simion, Kyle Webster, Erika Silva, Catherine A. Pilachowski, R. Michael Rich, Justin A. Kader, Andreas J. Koch-Hansen, Meridith Joyce, Sean McAdam, Faith Benda

Joanne Hughes et al 2026 The Astronomical Journal 171 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 9.

Observed AAT- and J18-datasets overlaid with GALA-generated mock-stream (Y. Chen et al. 2025). Concentric gray circles mark 1–5 × rt with ﹩{r}_{t}=6\mathop{.}\limits^{^{\prime} }9﹩ (S. Ortolani et al. 2001; E. Valenti et al. 2011). All AAT targets meeting the RV+metallicity cuts are shown as open circles, and are then filled with symbols identifying their properties. Symbol classes: A (7: large green pluses): −1.1 < [Fe/H] < –0.5 and [α/Fe] > + 0.2; B (12: blue pluses): same RV, [Fe/H] with [α/Fe] > + 0.1; C (13: red pluses): same RV, [Fe/H] with +0.1 > [α/Fe] > − 0.1 or CaT-only metallicities in range; D (8: open black squares): RV and [Fe/H] in range but possibly foreground (d  <  10.5 kpc). The J18 and AAT spectroscopic targets, in and around NGC 6569, are classified as energetically (see Appendix) bound (green circles; n = 96), unbound (red circles; n = 39), and borderline (blue diamonds; n = 8). The dotted curve marks the reference critical equipotential surface at ﹩14\mathop{.}\limits^{^{\prime} }24﹩, which is the Jacobi (tidal) surface or the Jacobi contour (at EJ = Ecrit). Black arrows show the directions toward the Galactic Center (L1/L2 axis) and of the cluster proper motion μ. The Chen (rotating bar, star–particle density) tidal debris is shown as green contours and shading (RV+PM window), the P23 spectroscopic sample (gray shading), and the Gaia HB/RC selection (purple). The light-blue shading surrounding the black dotted line indicates the L1/L2 Jacobi boundary between ﹩1{1}^{{\prime} }﹩ and ﹩1{8}^{{\prime} }﹩ over the whole orbit. The darker, blue-shaded, ellipse band is the most probable escape zone for stars over the whole orbit—stars would peel away from the critical equipotential near its flanks, not along the L1/L2 axis.

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