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Modeling the Optical Impact of the Second-generation Starlink Satellite Constellation

  • Authors: Ian J. Muirhead, Nicholas H. Crisp, Ciara N. McGrath, Peter C. E. Roberts

Ian J. Muirhead et al 2025 The Astronomical Journal 170 .

  • Provider: AAS Journals

Caption: Figure 3.

Example illumination analysis extract centered on a latitude of λ = +30° in the showing the Starlink Gen2 visibility by altitude grouping on the northern hemisphere winter solstice. Figure 3(a) shows a constellation LOS illumination extract as night falls and is separated by VLEO (top) and traditional LEO (bottom) groupings. Figure 3(b) contains skyplots showing the modeled LOS constellation illumination at λ = +30° and terrestrial height 2500 m ASL at astronomical dusk (top) and +30 minutes later (bottom). A gray mask has been applied for elevations below ﹩{\epsilon }_{{\rm{\min }}}=30^\circ ﹩ and the direction of the Sun below the horizon is indicated.

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