Image Details
Caption: Figure 14.
Effect of alternate normalization to reduce the noise and contamination from star spots in a CC detection of water vapor for an M6V host star. In this example, photon noise has been turned off, and the noise in the CC is due to the star. The 6.7% average degree of spottedness produces a large amount of noise that prevents detection of the dip in the CC due to the planet, and the spots also produce their own dip, that we moved to –50 km s–1 (marked by magenta line) to avoid confusion with the exoplanet dip. The result from alternate normalization shows a factor of 6 reduction in noise, and contamination of the exoplanetary signal is less by a factor of 9 (at 3σ significance).
© 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.